Aermacchi M-346FA: The Next-Level Multirole Aircraft

The Aermacchi M-346FA is an innovative variant of the renowned Aermacchi M-346 twin-engine trainer, crafted by Leonardo’s Aircraft Division. As an evolution of the dual-role Fighter Trainer (FT), this model meets the expanding operational demands of modern Air Forces. The M-346FA delivers an efficient, cost-effective tactical solution for contemporary combat scenarios, boasting all the remarkable features of the Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT) while enhancing pre-operational training capabilities. Let’s delve deeper into its advantages.

Current Operational Landscape

In contemporary operational environments—particularly those with low to medium threat levels—Air Forces often resort to expensive 20/30-ton class fighter jets for missions that overlap in costs. These missions typically include Close Air Support (CAS), urban operations, air policing, tactical reconnaissance, and personnel recovery in conflict zones. Utilizing cost-effective aircraft equipped with advanced radar and self-defense systems is often sufficient for these tasks.

M-346FA: A Cost-Effective Multirole Solution

With roots in the M-346’s existing AJT platform, the M-346FA stands out as a low-cost multirole solution. This model features upgraded avionics and an increased number of wingtip hardpoints—seven in total—allowing for a dual air-to-air missile capability while retaining full operational versatility. The aircraft is equipped with a Defensive Aid Sub System (DASS) that provides comprehensive protection, including a Radar Warning Receiver and a Missile Approach Warning System, ensuring 360-degree defense against missile threats.

One of the standout features of the M-346FA is its pulse-doppler multimode radar, the GRIFO-346, developed by Leonardo’s Airborne & Space Systems Division. This advanced radar has gained commercial success with over 450 units sold globally. Moreover, the M-346FA’s cost per flight hour is 80% lower than that of heavier fighters commonly used for CAS.

Insights from Giacomo Iannelli, Project Test Pilot Trainer

To understand the M-346’s unique capabilities further, we spoke to Giacomo Iannelli, Project Test Pilot Trainer at Leonardo. He emphasized: “The M-346FA excels in low-altitude speed, even with external loads. While some supersonic jets perform better when unladen, they struggle under load.”

“Its excellent maneuverability, aided by a 4-channel digital fly-by-wire system, allows for quick maneuvers in close air combat. The specific excess power enables a return to base with full payload, ensuring high survivability. The Carefree Handling feature lets pilots focus on the mission without fearing flight envelope violations.”

“Its twin-engine configuration ensures battlefield survivability while maintaining fuel efficiency, further enhanced by air refueling capabilities already operational within the Italian Air Force. The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) also guarantees autonomous flight operations.”

“Notably, visibility is outstanding due to its design as a trainer aircraft, supporting the back-seater pilot in roles such as Weapons System Operator or Forward Air Controller (FAC-A).”

The state-of-the-art Human-Machine Interface integrates advanced pilot support systems such as Multi-Function Displays (MFD), Head-Up Displays (HUD), and Helmet-Mounted Displays (HMD). These features allow for seamless control of all aircraft systems, ensuring maximum efficiency during operations.

Iannelli states, “The M-346FA retains all the advanced training features of its predecessor, such as the Embedded Tactical Training System (ETTS) that simulates all operational systems. This equips pilots to transition effortlessly from training to real missions.”

The FA’s added operational capabilities enhance its utility as an “Aggressor” and “Companion Trainer” for Combat Ready pilot training, as effectively demonstrated by both the Israeli and Italian Air Forces.

Mission Capabilities

The M-346FA can carry over 2 tons of external stores, in addition to 138 gallons in auxiliary fuel tanks. For strike missions, it integrates various munitions, including the latest precision-guided options that minimize collateral damage while maximizing target engagement capability. Cutting-edge Laser Designator Pods are also available for accurate target designation.

In terms of Homeland Security and Air Policing missions, the M-346FA can perform intercepts at low altitudes against potential aerial threats, utilizing short-range infrared guided missiles alongside an optional ECM electronic warfare pod.

When configured with air-to-surface and air-to-air munitions, the M-346FA effectively executes support missions for Personnel Recovery and Combat Search and Rescue, demonstrating its versatility in recovering personnel from hostile environments.

Lastly, for reconnaissance missions, this aircraft is equipped with specialized pods for tactical reconnaissance, showcasing its capabilities in complex operational expeditions and providing critical support during natural disasters.